Body text
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The body of text by APA
standard should not be anything other than the following:
i.
Font style = Times New Roman,
ii.
Font size = 12 point,
iii.
Justify layout,
iv.
Double line spacing,
v.
Sentence
case.
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Chapter
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This should be positioned
tightly above the major heading with the number of the chapter in words,
(e.g. Chapter Two), Font style = Times New Roman, Font size = 12 point,
bolded, Aligned Centre, Title Case.
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Headings
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Headings should be ordered in
levels as Major Heading, Sub Heading, Minor Sub Heading
·
Major Heading should be preceded by the
Chapter.
Font style = Times New Roman, Font size = 14 point, bolded, Aligned Centre,
Upper Case followed by one blank line, Numbering of major is unaccepted.
·
Sub Heading. Font style = Times New
Roman, Font size = 12 point, bolded, Left Aligned, Upper Case, not followed
by a blank line. Numbering based on multilevel list after the chapter
number in Arabic numeral e.g. 1.1, 2.2, 1.2 etc.
·
Minor Sub Heading. Font style = Times New
Roman, Font size = 12 point, Bolded, Left Aligned, Title Case, not followed
by a blank line. Numbering based on multilevel list after the chapter
number in Arabic numeral e.g. 1.1.1, 2.2.1, 1.2.2, etc.
Sample:
Notice in the example below
that the chapter is positioned tightly
above the major heading with the number of the chapter in words.
Chapter
One
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the study:
The increasing Quest for knowledge has become a worldwide phenomenon. In Ghana, demand for higher education has increased tremendously, as exemplified by the determination of numerous students to gain entry into university for tertiary education.
1.2
Statement of the problem:
The very good intentions of university authorities in Ghana to meet this increasing demand for tertiary education, by offering a great number of students, admission to read various programmes has left in its trail many attendant problems. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) for example in recent times, has been experiencing large student enrolment since its inception about fifty years ago.
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Paragraphing
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Use a blank line to separate
one paragraph from the other. There should be no first line indents.
Sample:
Note from the sample below that a blank line each has been used to separate the paragraphs.
Communication is one of the major activities of mankind which has been since human existence. It is a tool used to share information with other people but how this actually began is still unknown. However, most scholars believe that communication through language began at least 150,000 years ago and that it was the emergence of this that became a decisive factor in the growing ability of early human beings to work together to make and use tools, shelters and other products.
The mode of
communication is not only language, but other modes such as gesture sounds, body position, visual images (Paintings, Sculptures, Posters) etc. History has it that fires and smoke signals were one of the earliest forms of long-distance communication, though such signals could send only limited information – a warning, for example.
So also was a
drumbeat. The use of writing is another means of the early modes of
communication, which started as far back as about 3500 BC when the
Sumerians developed the first known system of writing known as cuneiform,
which was a wedge-shaped character. Communication through writing has
dominated the communication industry to date. It begun with hand writing before printing became the vital medium.
During the 1900’s
computer technology advanced rapidly. It really marked a new era of
industrial revolution. Its impact was felt in
virtually every sphere of industrial life. In publishing, during the
1970’s, newspapers and other print publications began to use computerised
editing and typesetting systems, whereby editors could this time, type on
keyboards and at the same time see the words displayed on the computer
screen. They could now store their data as digital files that could be used in many ways.
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Quotations
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In general, very short
quotations using only a few words should begin with quote marks in your
running text, whilst only longer quotations using a line or more should be formatted as described below.
·
Times New Roman 10 point, left aligned, single-spaced, indented 0.4
inches left and right, not italicised, with quote marks, one blank line
before and after.
·
Referencing for the quotation may be given in the running text immediately before the quotation, or may be appended to
the end of the quotation.
Sample
White, a
Seventh Day Adventist evangelist and a writer has emphasised that,
“Our ideas of education take too narrow and too low
a range. There is need of a broader scope, a higher aim. True education,
she indicates; means more than the pursuance of a certain course of
study. It means-more than a preparation for the life that now is. It has
to do with the whole being and with the whole period of existence
possible to man. It is the harmonious development of the physical, the
mental, and the spiritual powers. It prepares the student for the joy of
service in this world and for the higher joy of wider service in the
‘world to come’.” (White, 1952, pp13, 14).
NOTE: use ‘p’ for only one page and ‘pp’ for more than one page.
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Bulleted and numbered lists
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Times New Roman 12 point,
left aligned, double spaced, no indents except a
hanging indent 0.2 inches. Indentation may be varied slightly to improve the fit.
Sample
Bullets
·
True education, she
indicates; means more than the pursuance of a certain course of study. It
means-more than a preparation for the life that now is.
·
It has to do with the
whole being and with the whole period of existence possible to man.
Numbering
1.
Communication is one of the major activities of
mankind which has been since human existence. It is a tool used to
share information with other people but how this actually began is still
unknown. However, most scholars believe that communication through
language began at least 150,000 years ago and that it
was the emergence of this that became a decisive factor in the growing
ability of early human beings to work together to make and use tools,
shelters and other products.
2.
The mode of communication is not only language, but other modes such as gesture sounds, body position, visual images
(Paintings, Sculptures, Posters) etc. History has it that fires and smoke
signals were one of the earliest forms of long-distance communication,
though such signals could send only limited information – a warning, for
example.
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